-
1 ἦθος
A an accustomed place: hence, in pl., haunts or abodes of animals,μετά τ' ἤθεα καὶ νομὸν ἵππων Il.6.511
; [σύας] ἔρξαν κατὰ ἤθεα κοιμηθῆναι Od.14.411
; of lions, Hdt.7.125; of fish, Opp.H.1.93; of the abodes of men, Hes.Op. 167, 525, Hdt.1.15, 157, A.Supp.64 (lyr.), E.Hel. 274, Pl.Lg. 865e, Arist.Mu. 398b33; ἔλεγον ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι away from his accustomed place, Hdt. 2.142; of plants, Callistr.Stat.7: metaph., with play on signf. 11, Pl.Phdr. 277a.II custom, usage: in pl., manners, customs, Hes.Op. 137, Th.66, Hdt.2.30,35, 4.106, Th.2.61;τρόποι καὶ ἤθη Pl. Lg. 896c
; ἐθρέψω Ξέρξην ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἤ. ib. 695e;φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρήσθ' ὁμιλίαι κακαί PHib.1.7.94
(E.Fr. 1024 = Men.218);τοῖς ἤθεσιν ἁπλοῦς D.S.5.21
.2 disposition, character,ἐπίκλοπον ἦθος Hes.Op. 67
,78;ἦ. ἐμφυές Pi.O.11(10).21
; ἀκίχητα ἤ., of Zeus, A.Pr. 187;τοὐμὸν ἦ. παιδεύειν S.Aj. 595
; ὦ μιαρὸν ἦ. Id.Ant. 746; τὸ τῆς πόλεως ἦ. Isoc.2.31; βελτίων τῆς πόλεως τὸ ἦ. D.20.14; esp. moral character, opp. διάνοια, Arist.EN 1139a1; as the result of habit,τὸ πᾶν ἦ. διὰ ἔθος Pl.Lg. 792e
, cf. Arist.EE 1220a39;ἦ. ἀνθρώπῳ δαίμων Heraclit.119
; ἦ. πηγὴ βίου Stoic. ap. Stob.2.7.1; τῆς ψυχῆς, τῆς γνώμης, Pl.R. 400d, D.61.16: freq. opp. πάθος, Arist.Rh. 1356a23 (pl.), etc.;ἠθῶν τε καὶ παθῶν μίμησις D.H.Pomp.3
;τὸ ἦ. πρᾶος Pl.Phdr. 243c
: less freq. in dat., ἀγοραῖος τῷ ἤ. Thphr.Char.6.2, cf. Inscr.Magn.164.3 (i/ii A.D.): pl., traits, characteristics, Pl.R. 402d, Arist.EN 1144b4 (in sg., τὸ τῆς ἀνδρείας ἦ. Pl.Lg. 836d): seldom in pl., of an individual,στερρὸν τὰ ἤθεα Hp.Ep.11
;ἱερὸς κατὰ τὰ ἤθη Ath.1.1e
.b of outward bearing, ὡς ἱλαρὸν τὸ ἦ. X.Smp.8.3;ὑγρότης ἤθους Lycurg.33
; ὑψηλὸς τῷ ἤ. Plu. Dio4: in pl., of facial expression,ὀφθαλμῶν ἤθη Philostr.Gym. 25
.c in Rhet., delineation of character,ἦ. ἔχουσιν οἱ λόγοι ἐν ὅσοις δήλη ἡ προαίρεσις Arist.Rh. 1395b13
;ἦ. ἐμφαίνειν Phld.Rh.1.200S.
; esp. opp. πάθος, Longin.9.15, etc.; κατ' ἦ. λέγεσθαι, opp. κατὰ πάθος, D.H.Comp.22, cf. Lys.19: in pl.,πραγμάτων καὶ ἠθῶν Phld.Po.5.5
;ἐν πάθεσι καὶ ἤθεσιν Demetr.Eloc.28
, etc.; so of works of art, ἡ Ζεύξιδος γραφὴ οὐδὲν ἔχει ἦ. Arist.Po. 1450a29;πάθος καὶ ἦ. καὶ σχημάτων χρῆσις Ael.VH4.3
;πολλὰ ἤθη ἐπιφαίνει Philostr.Her.2.10
; also of Music, S.E.M.6.49.3 also of animals, ἦ. τὸ πρὸς τοκέων (prob.l.for ἔθος) A.Ag. 727, cf.E.Hipp. 1219, Pl.R. 375e, Arist. HA 487a12 (pl.); τὸ ἦ. ἀσθενής, of a bird, ib. 615a18; of things, nature, kind, παρὰ δ' ἦ. ἑκάστῳ (to each of the four elements) Emp. 17.28;τοῦ πυρετοῦ Gal.7.353
.4 ἐν ἤθει tactfully (cf.ἠθικός 11.2
),προσφέρεσθαι τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν Plu.2.73e
. cf. Herm. in Phdr.p.195A.; διὰ μέτριον ἦθος, of the expression δοκεῖ μοι, Steph.in Hp.1.59D.
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